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arXiv:2603.15269v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: The tortuosity of corneal nerve fibers are used as indication for different diseases. Current state-of-the-art methods for grading the tortuosity heavily rely on expensive segmentation maps of these nerve fibers. In this paper, we demonstrate that self-supervised pretrained features from ImageNet are transferable to the domain of in vivo confocal microscopy. We show that DINO should not be disregarded as a deep learning model for medical imagin

arXiv:2603.19036v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Single image reflection removal (SIRR) is challenging in real scenes, where reflection strength varies spatially and reflection patterns are tightly entangled with transmission structures. This paper presents a diffusion model with prior modulation framework (FUMO) that introduces explicit priors for spatially adaptive conditioning and structurally faithful restoration. Two priors are extracted directly from the mixed image, an intensity prior

arXiv:2603.19122v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Class-conditional generative models have emerged as accurate and robust classifiers, with diffusion models demonstrating clear advantages over other visual generative paradigms, including autoregressive (AR) models. In this work, we revisit visual AR-based generative classifiers and identify an important limitation of prior approaches: their reliance on a fixed token order, which imposes a restrictive inductive bias for image understanding. We

arXiv:2603.21048v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: The identification of hazardous driving behaviors from in-cabin video streams is essential for enhancing road safety and supporting the detection of traffic violations and unsafe driver actions. However, current temporal action localization techniques often struggle to balance accuracy with computational efficiency. In this work, we develop and evaluate a temporal action localization framework tailored for driver monitoring scenarios, particula

arXiv:2603.26661v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Most recent advances in 3D generative modeling rely on diffusion or flow-matching formulations. We instead explore a fully autoregressive alternative and introduce GaussianGPT, a transformer-based model that directly generates 3D Gaussians via next-token prediction, thus facilitating full 3D scene generation. We first compress Gaussian primitives into a discrete latent grid using a sparse 3D convolutional autoencoder with vector quantization. T

arXiv:2604.01654v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Recent advances in video generation have made AI-synthesized content increasingly difficult to distinguish from real footage. We propose a physics-based authentication signature that real cameras produce naturally, but that generative models cannot faithfully reproduce. Our approach exploits the Moir\'e effect: the interference fringes formed when a camera views a compact two-layer grating structure. We derive the Moir\'e motion invariant, show

arXiv:2604.03118v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Distilling video generation models to extremely low inference budgets (e.g., 2--4 NFEs) is crucial for real-time deployment, yet remains challenging. Trajectory-style consistency distillation often becomes conservative under complex video dynamics, yielding an over-smoothed appearance and weak motion. Distribution matching distillation (DMD) can recover sharp, mode-seeking samples, but its local training signals do not explicitly regularize how

arXiv:2604.04198v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Generalization is a central challenge in autonomous driving, as real-world deployment requires robust performance under unseen scenarios, sensor domains, and environmental conditions. Recent world-model-based planning methods have shown strong capabilities in scene understanding and multi-modal future prediction, yet their generalization across datasets and sensor configurations remains limited. In addition, their loosely coupled planning parad

arXiv:2604.19570v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Accurate medical image segmentation requires both long-range contextual reasoning and precise boundary delineation, a task where existing transformer- and diffusion-based paradigms are frequently bottlenecked by quadratic computational complexity and prohibitive inference latency. We propose RF-HiT, a Rectified Flow Hierarchical Transformer that integrates an Hourglass Transformer backbone with a multi-scale hierarchical encoder for anatomicall

arXiv:2605.01896v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Emerging multi-modal world models attempt to jointly generate videos across diverse modalities (e.g., RGB, depth, and mask), yet they fail to fully exploit the rich priors of existing foundation models. We propose $M^2$-REPA, the first representation alignment method tailored for multi-modal video generation. Our key insight is that foundation models trained on different modality spaces naturally capture distinct domain-specific priors, acting

arXiv:2607.01694v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Solving partial differential equations (PDEs) with high-frequency solutions remains a central challenge in physics-informed machine learning due to spectral bias -- the tendency of neural networks to learn low-frequency components preferentially. This paper proposes a Frequency Shift Physics-Informed Extreme Learning Machine (FS-PIELM) framework that addresses this limitation through an additive mechanism for weight initialization. Rather than mult

arXiv:2607.01752v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Temporal point processes (TPPs) have widespread applications across various domains. Compared to modeling the conditional intensity of a TPP, modeling its cumulative conditional intensity function (CCIF) improves computational efficiency and eliminates numerical approximation errors. However, current CCIF parameterizations uniformly rely on Monotone Neural Networks (MNNs), which we identify as suffering from three structural deadlocks--convexity re

arXiv:2607.01762v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Many representation learning problems involve directed relations, such as lexical entailment, sentence entailment, ontology hierarchy, and citation links. Standard Euclidean, cosine, and Mahalanobis heads are symmetric, while generic neural scorers can model directionality but provide limited geometric structure. This paper proposes a role-aware neural convex divergence head for asymmetric representation learning. The head applies source- and targe

arXiv:2607.01763v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Continual post-training enables foundation models to acquire new knowledge while preserving existing capabilities. Recent work suggests that on-policy learning can mitigate forgetting, with on-policy self-distillation emerging as a particularly attractive approach. In this work, we revisit this optimistic view through self-distillation policy optimization (SDPO). Our experiments show that SDPO can accelerate in-domain specialization when teacher si

arXiv:2607.01800v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently shown promise in molecular discovery, yet a gap remains between their probabilistic nature over discrete sequential tokens and the rigid topological constraints of chemical space. This raises the question of whether molecular LLMs can generalize beyond the local neighborhoods induced by their sequence-based representations. To systematically investigate this question, we introduce a Molecular Perturbation

arXiv:2607.01830v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Reliable reward and preference signals are critical for evaluating and optimizing large language models on open-ended tasks. Rubric-based judges offer a transparent way to decompose such judgments into explicit evaluation criteria, but existing annotation-free rubric generators typically rely on a single generic evaluator. As a result, they may overlook important dimensions of human preference, a failure mode we term dimensional blind spots. To add

arXiv:2607.01918v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We present Zeus, a unified tuning-free Time Series Foundation Model (TSFM) that delivers superior performance across diverse analysis tasks without any task-specific fine-tuning. Unlike prior studies that primarily focus on zero-shot forecasting but require task-specific tuning for other tasks, Zeus bridges this gap by addressing two fundamental challenges in multi-task generalization. First, to reconcile point-level granularity with long-sequence

arXiv:2607.01943v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Quantum machine learning has recently emerged as a promising paradigm that leverages the expressive power of quantum circuits to address complex learning tasks. In this work, we investigate the applicability of hybrid quantum-classical neural networks to sentiment analysis, a central problem in natural language processing. We focus on a dataset of tweets related to COVID-19, where the textual content is vectorized using TF-IDF and fed into both cla

arXiv:2607.01958v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: A/B testing is the gold standard for selecting the better algorithm in online services. While offline evaluation has attracted attention as a safer alternative due to the high experimental costs and the potential risk of degrading user experience and revenue in A/B testing, it is widely recognized that the estimation accuracy of offline evaluation is substantially lower. As a result, final selection decisions are typically made through A/B testing.

arXiv:2607.01966v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Low-voltage load forecasting is an important component in current and future energy systems with a high degree of electrification and decentralized generation. However, current forecasting methods require significant manual effort, often lack uncertainty estimation and proper peak prediction, and they are often not adequately evaluated in terms of grid requirements. In the present study, we provide an extensive evaluation of short-term net load for

arXiv:2607.01986v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Multivariate time-series models for prognostics are often evaluated by point prediction accuracy, yet their internal states rarely expose a coherent degradation process. We study liquid neural networks as latent dynamics models for aircraft engine health monitoring on the C-MAPSS benchmark. The proposed model encodes a history window into a latent state, evolves that state with a liquid transition model, and decodes future sensor observations. To s

arXiv:2607.02046v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Anomaly detection is a critical and evolving field in Machine Learning, with applications targeting different domains such as cybersecurity, finance, healthcare, manufacturing and IoT (Internet of Things) systems. Traditionally, anomaly detection algorithms have been designed using both supervised and unsupervised learning paradigms. The fundamental challenge in real-world anomaly detection scenarios is related to the inherent class imbalance (anom

arXiv:2607.02050v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Motivated by the challenge of stabilizing a general unknown linear dynamical system (LDS) from observations, we study the natural prerequisite of online prediction. Our goal is to achieve sublinear regret with a memory footprint that adapts to the intrinsic complexity of the dynamics rather than the full hidden -- state dimension. We focus on the practically central regime of systems with low instability complexity -- eigenvalues outside the real s

arXiv:2607.02088v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We propose an improved Fourier Neural Operator (FNO) for modeling two-dimensional Rayleigh-B\'enard convection by predicting time increments instead of full solutions, achieving higher accuracy than a standard FNO baseline. The resulting model is compact (314k parameters, 1.26 MB) and fast (7 ms inference), while maintaining similar accuracy as demonstrated in previous benchmarks. We show that although FNOs generalize to finer meshes, accuracy rema

arXiv:2607.02104v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as cheap, scalable judges that compare candidate outputs pairwise -- to rank responses, select models, or triage papers. Yet LLM judges are both noisy and systematically biased: they favor verbose or well-formatted answers and exhibit position effects, so simply aggregating their votes recovers a ranking of presentation, not of true quality. We study the practical goal of identifying the \topk{} it

arXiv:2607.02140v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Chemical language models (CLMs) are trained with linearized representations such as SMILES, yet it remains unclear which chemically meaningful substructures they encode. To foster a better understanding of CLMs, we conduct a systematic study and probe for 78 molecular substructures across eight pre-trained and six randomly initialized models. We furthermore study how fine-tuning on chemical downstream tasks affects the learned representations of mo

arXiv:2607.02182v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable reasoning capabilities, but their task-specific fine-tuning is notoriously plagued by overconfidence, severely hindering trustworthy deployment. We propose Data-Adaptive Lower-Rank Adaptation (DALorRA), a simple and effective variational Bayesian sparse framework that shifts the paradigm of uncertainty quantification from the dense parameter space to the lightweight rank level of low-rank adaptation (

arXiv:2607.02187v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Distributed machine learning enables collaborative model training without centralizing data, but it also exposes learning processes to privacy leakage and malicious manipulation. Existing defenses typically address these threats in isolation and are often tailored to specific learning paradigms or model architectures, limiting their applicability in realistic deployments. In particular, federated learning and decentralized learning exhibit distinct

arXiv:2607.02194v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have emerged as a promising route to solve partial differential equations, yet they have struggled to reach the precision of classical solvers. The obstacle is increasingly understood to be one of optimisation, owing to the severely ill-conditioned loss landscape. We present $\textbf{DSGNAR}$: Doubly-Sketched Gauss-Newton with Adaptive Ratio, a scalable second-order optimisation framework that confronts this

arXiv:2607.02203v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Operator learning has emerged as a powerful tool for modeling complex physical systems in functional spaces. However, their neural network-based architectures make them opaque models, obscuring the reasoning behind their predictions. In this work, we introduce a self-explainable operator learning framework that overcomes this challenge by reformulating operator learning as a linear combination of generalized functional linear models expressed throu

arXiv:2607.01313v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: In practice, most commercial LLM providers do not publicly release details of underlying LLM architectures. However, prior work has shown that given limited API access to an LLM (namely, top-$k$ logits and/or a logit bias function), one can recover certain architectural details of an LLM, such as the hidden dimension of the feed-forward network. Perhaps in response to these results, most commercial LLM providers have restricted their APIs to expo

arXiv:2607.02504v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Long-form TV dramas present a formidable challenge for comprehensive video understanding, where deciphering complex storyline often relies on \textbf{speaker recognition}, the task of accurately attributing each spoken utterance to its respective character. In this paper, we advance this field through two primary contributions. (1) We introduce \textbf{DramaSR-532K}, a large-scale benchmark comprising 532K annotated dialogue lines across more than

arXiv:2607.02513v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: LLMs memorize sensitive training data, including personally identifiable information (PII), creating a pressing need for reliable post hoc removal methods. Unlearning has emerged as a promising solution, with state-of-the-art(SOTA) methods often following a localize-first, unlearn-second paradigm that targets specific model parameters. However, existing benchmarks evaluate unlearning solely at the output level, leaving open the question of whether

arXiv:2607.01242v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used by end users, yet existing personalization methods relying on static profiles or text-only signals fail to capture query-specific expertise variation. We present ExPerT, a query-wise personalization framework that adapts LLM responses to users' query domain expertise by combining semantic and behavioral cues. ExPerT consists of two key components: (i) a semantic-behavioral expertise inference mod

arXiv:2607.01250v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Sociotechnical alignment concerns the social desirability of AI behavior and is thus inherently normative, not merely technical. While NLP research increasingly addresses its technical aspects, it often leaves underspecified what such "social desirability" entails. We argue that this reflects a fundamental gap: the absence of a systematic way to specify how sociotechnical alignment defines, justifies, and evaluates socially desirable AI behavior.

arXiv:2607.01523v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Recurrent memory agents extend LLMs to arbitrarily long contexts by iteratively consolidating input into a fixed-size memory window. Despite their scalability, these agents exhibit a well-documented reliability problem: end-to-end performance degrades systematically as context length grows. We diagnose this failure by decomposing performance into two factors--memory capture and memory retention--and quantitatively confirm that retention is the do

arXiv:2607.01585v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Predicate invention (PI), the creation of new predicates to extend the hypothesis space, remains a critical bottleneck in Inductive Logic Programming (ILP). Existing methods rely on domain expertise and produce semantically opaque predicates, hindering adaptation to unfamiliar domains and cross-task reuse. We present ADVENT, an LLM-driven PI mechanism for ILP. ADVENT pairs LLM abductive generation with Prolog deductive verification, forming an it

arXiv:2607.01647v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Data science aims to derive actionable insights from heterogeneous raw data, unlocking the value of the massive amounts of data generated in modern society. Automating this process is essential to reducing labor-intensive efforts for data scientists and enabling scalable data-driven applications. Recently, large language model (LLM)-based data agents have emerged as a promising solution to automate data science workflows. However, the field lacks

arXiv:2607.01852v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems use the question-answering capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) to access information outside their parameters. We evaluate if cluster-based semantic chunking improves retrieval and answer quality compared to fixed-size and recursive chunking evaluating on long, structured academic theses using the Retrieval Augmented Generation Assessment (RAGAs) framework. RAGAs based faithfulness shows limit

arXiv:2607.01938v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Manipulating fast and dynamically moving targets in unstructured 3D environments remains challenging for embodied AI. Existing visual-language-action models and world models struggle with accurate 3D geometry and physically meaningful forecasting. We propose PhysMani, a framework that couples a physics-principled 3D Gaussian world model with a future-aware action policy model. The world model learns a divergence-free Gaussian velocity field via o