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arXiv:2606.25444v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Connecting a pre-trained speech encoder to a Large Language Model (LLM) is the standard architecture for building Speech LLMs. However, a structural misalignment exists between the encoder and the LLM. Unlike encoders based on automatic speech recognition, which often produce representations in separate language-specific spaces, LLMs operate within a unified language-agnostic space. A mechanism is required to align the encoder's language-specific

arXiv:2606.25460v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Recent advances in sequence modeling have significantly improved ASR systems, bringing them close to human-level recognition accuracy and enhancing robustness across diverse acoustic conditions and languages. In contrast, Forced Alignment has not experienced comparable progress, and traditional HMM-GMM frameworks remain widely adopted and highly competitive. To address this gap, we propose an end-to-end, fully differentiable neural architecture s

arXiv:2606.25530v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Software performance optimization is a notoriously complex and manual task. Despite the growing use of Large Language Models (LLMs) for code refinement, we still lack benchmarks that capture how optimization actually happens in real-world codebases. Existing frameworks often oversimplify the problem by focusing on isolated functions or a single performance metric, missing the critical trade-offs between execution time and memory footprint, the in

arXiv:2606.25533v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a dominant paradigm for enhancing large language models with external knowledge. By coupling retrieval mechanisms with generative models, RAG systems improve factual grounding and adaptability across domains. However, integrating retrieval pipelines introduces new security and privacy risks that extend beyond conventional language modeling threats. Sensitive information may be exposed through re

arXiv:2606.25721v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems are vulnerable to corpus poisoning attacks that manipulate model outputs through malicious retrieved documents. Existing detection methods typically rely on auxiliary classifiers or additional LLM-based verification, introducing substantial computational overhead. We present TRACE, a lightweight detection framework that identifies poisoning attacks by tracing answer-related tokens through token influen

arXiv:2606.25750v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Safety evaluation of large language models (LLMs) is commonly performed by querying models with unsafe or jailbreak prompts and judging whether their outputs violate a safety policy. Although useful, output-level evaluation is expensive, sensitive to judge choice, and easily tied to fixed question banks. We propose **SafeVec**, a white-box evaluation procedure that measures safety from internal representations rather than generated answers. **Saf

arXiv:2606.25760v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Computer-use agents turn vision-language model (VLM) predictions into executable GUI clicks, so reliable uncertainty estimates are essential for rejection, calibration, miss-severity ranking, and spatial safety regions. Yet evidence on post-hoc uncertainty quantification (UQ) for these agents is fragmented across isolated model and dataset pairs, leaving it unclear whether UQ rankings stay stable when the agent, benchmark, or observable interface

arXiv:2606.25787v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: When a large language model (LLM) answers a question about a company, it grounds the answer in retrieved web sources, and those sources decide what the model says. Most analysis of AI brand visibility looks at the answer text. This study looks one step earlier, at the citations. We merge three Rankfor.AI datasets covering 128 brands across 12 home markets and 13 languages, and analyse 167,551 URL-grounded citations (189,974 total attribution rows

arXiv:2606.26050v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Midway through an ordinary pretraining run, a small language model learns the pronoun-gender rule: cued with a girl's name ("Sue cried because"), it resolves the next pronoun to she, generalizing to held-out probes (0.94 by step 925). By step 3,500 the same model scores near zero on the same probes, although the rule's evidence is still in the training data. We call this within-run reversal natural ungrokking: the corpus decides, with no trace in

arXiv:2504.09910v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is a promising technique for applying LLMs to proprietary domains. However, retrieved documents may contain sensitive knowledge, posing risks of privacy leakage in generative results. Thus, effectively erasing private information from retrieved documents is a key challenge for RAG. Unlike traditional text anonymization, RAG should consider: (1) the inherent multi-document reasoning may face de-anonymization

arXiv:2507.06457v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Transformers face quadratic complexity and memory issues with long sequences, prompting the adoption of linear attention mechanisms using fixed-size hidden states. However, linear models often suffer from limited recall performance, leading to hybrid architectures that combine linear and full attention layers. Despite extensive hybrid architecture research, the choice of linear attention component has not been deeply explored. We systematically

arXiv:2509.22193v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Distilling reasoning traces from strong teacher models has become the standard recipe for building capable small language models. Yet reasoning traces are 5-20$\times$ longer than standard instruction fine-tuning (IFT) outputs, meaning every practitioner who chooses reasoning distillation implicitly forgoes training a larger IFT model on the same compute budget. Whether this trade-off is worthwhile remains unaddressed. We study it with a contro

arXiv:2601.03785v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Long-term human-agent dialogues are organized by topic continuity: adjacent turns often develop the same goal, plan, problem, or event, while related activities may recur across distant sessions. Yet many LLM agent memory systems first decompose histories into isolated turns or fixed-size chunks, then compensate through enrichment, consolidation, or retrieval mechanisms still tied to semantic proximity or fragment-level records. This weakens te

arXiv:2602.01472v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Large reasoning models (LRMs) typically solve reasoning-intensive tasks by generating long chain-of-thought (CoT) traces, leading to substantial inference overhead. We identify a reproducible inference-time phenomenon, termed Self-Compression: when multiple independent and answerable questions are presented within a single prompt, the model spontaneously produces shorter reasoning traces for each question. This phenomenon arises from multi-ques

arXiv:2602.02219v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Large language models are widely employed as evaluators, a paradigm commonly referred to as LLM-as-a-judge. Prior research has predominantly examined point-wise or pair-wise evaluation protocols; in contrast, our focus is on rubric-based evaluation, which has been attracting increasing attention owing to its utility for training models in domains where verification is otherwise difficult. In this work, we show that rubric-based evaluation impli

arXiv:2602.11933v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: End-to-End Speech Translation (E2E-ST) has seen significant advancements, yet current models are primarily benchmarked on curated, "clean" datasets. This overlooks critical real-world challenges, such as morphological robustness to inflectional variations common in non-native or dialectal speech. In this work, we adapt a text-based adversarial attack targeting inflectional morphology to the speech domain and demonstrate that state-of-the-art E2

arXiv:2604.02596v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: In-context learning (ICL) allows large language models (LLMs) to adapt to new tasks from a few examples, making it promising for languages underrepresented in pre-training. Recent work on many-shot ICL suggests that modern LLMs can further benefit from larger ICL examples enabled by their long context windows. However, such gains depend on careful example selection, and the inference cost can be prohibitive for low-resource language communities

arXiv:2604.20166v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Building trustworthy AI systems for mental health support is a shared priority across stakeholders from multiple disciplines. However, "trustworthy" remains loosely defined and inconsistently operationalized. AI research often focuses on technical criteria (e.g., robustness, explainability, and safety), while therapeutic practitioners emphasize therapeutic fidelity (e.g., appropriateness, empathy, and long-term user outcomes). To bridge the fra

arXiv:2606.25403v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Accent conversion and controllability remain fundamental challenges in cross-lingual text-to-speech (TTS), particularly for low-resource and phonetically diverse Indic languages. While recent large language model (LLM)-based TTS systems exhibit strong cross-lingual generalization, they provide limited explicit control over accent characteristics and intensity. In this paper, we propose CrossAccentTTS, a framework that enables both accent control

arXiv:2606.25432v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Inference efficiency is typically pursued by shrinking the model: distillation, pruning, quantization, and sparse routing each lower per-token cost while treating token count as fixed. But output length has been inflating, and it is precisely the component the standard toolkit leaves untouched. Here, we argue that brevity is the missing inference-efficiency lever, and that pretraining data curation is a practical way to pull it: a model trained o

arXiv:2606.25434v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Early and scalable detection of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) remains an unresolved clinical challenge. Existing EEG-based screening approaches are constrained by handcrafted feature pipelines that discard neurophysiologically meaningful domain structure and deep learning classifiers that sacrifice interpretability for performance. No existing work unifies physiologically organized concept encoders, cross-concept interaction modeling, and nonli

arXiv:2606.25439v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Deep learning-based models have achieved state-of-the-art performance in Time Series Forecasting (TSF), yet their evaluation remains dominated by pointwise error metrics such as Mean Squared Error (MSE), which quantify numerical accuracy but overlook structural properties of the forecast signal, including recurrent dynamics, oscillatory behavior, and phase alignment. As a result, forecasts exhibiting over-smoothing, phase shifts, or frequency dis

arXiv:2606.25451v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Estimating token-level advantages in reinforcement learning (RL) for language models remains challenging because scaling up episodic experience collection is expensive. The difficulty intensifies for baseline advantage estimation methods, where repeated sampling causes trajectories to diverge into substantially different reasoning prefixes. In this context, RL algorithms such as GRPO prove limited: an outcome reward is too sparse to be attributed

arXiv:2606.25480v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) can provide on-demand, high-capacity connectivity in disaster and normal situation. However, it faces a challenge of curse of dimensionality in trajectory optimization, where interference-limited environments and vast search spaces make real-time coordination computationally expensive. To overcome this challenge, we propose the Rate-Aware Quantum-Annealed Graph Condensation (RA-QAGC) scheme, which combines rate-aware

arXiv:2606.25525v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly reshaping the nature of work in software development, transforming user roles, workflows, and collaboration patterns across enterprise platforms. This qualitative study investigates how AI alters professional responsibilities within the context of SAP's Business Technology Platform (BTP), combining expert interviews (n=20) and a participatory workshop (n=24). The results reveal substantial shifts in day-to-

arXiv:2606.25606v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Given the widespread prevalence of depression and its consequential impact on individuals and society, it is crucial to obtain objective measures for early diagnosis and intervention. As a multidisciplinary topic, these objective measures should be interpretable and accessible to health care professionals, ensuring effective collaboration and treatment planning in the realm of mental health care. Even though current automated depression diagnosis

arXiv:2606.25608v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: This paper presents a novel approach to perform semi-automated BSI IT-Grundschutz certification using a MultiLarge Language Model system (MLS) with Hybrid RetrievalAugmented Generation (HybridRAG). Facing the challenges of the Network and Information Security Directive 2 (NIS2) directive, a shortage of specialists, and high implementation costs, our MLS architecture aims to increase efficiency, reduce costs, and support certifiers in maintaining

arXiv:2606.25622v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The NIS-2 Directive mandates robust Risk Management from thousands of small and medium enterprises. To ensure compliance, companies rely on established standards such as the German IT-Grundschutz (IT-GS) of the Federal Office for Information Security. However, IT-GS certification is resource-intensive and requires a high level of manual effort for documentation, validation, and revision, making scalable implementation difficult and expensive. Bui

arXiv:2606.25740v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: 3D anomaly detection in point clouds is critical for high-precision industrial manufacturing. Reconstruction-based methods have laid a strong foundation by detecting 3D anomalies through comparisons between defective inputs and their reconstructed normal counterparts. However, existing methods still suffer from two challenges: 1) the foreground weak defective regions such as scratches are hard to reconstruct and detect, where the anomaly deviatio

arXiv:2606.25753v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Gradient-based inverse lithography technology~(ILT) for extreme ultraviolet~(EUV) masks is presented. A novel framework treats the differentiable waveguide method and the recently proposed waveguide neural operator~(WGNO) as end-to-end physics engines, recovering the permittivity of the absorber of the mask through automatic differentiation of the full forward diffraction model. Numerical experiments on realistic 2D and 3D absorbers of the mask (

arXiv:2606.25762v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: In oncology, access to patient-level data is often restricted. Synthetic data provides an alternative for analyzing treatment effectiveness, but existing methods for synthetic data generation fail to preserve the causal relationships between covariates, treatments, and outcomes, thereby leading to biased estimates of treatment effects. Here, we introduce OncoSynth, a generative, causally-aware machine learning framework designed to produce synthe

arXiv:2606.25832v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Achieving strong optimization generalization across diverse optimization problems while requiring limited training resources remains a challenging problem for optimization-oriented large language models (LLMs). Existing approaches typically rely on large-scale supervised datasets, costly reasoning annotations, and expensive intermediate step verification, resulting in substantial training overhead. To address these challenges, we propose MiniOpt,

arXiv:2606.25852v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Group-based reinforcement learning effectively post-trains LLM agents for long-horizon, sparse-reward tasks by deriving step-level credit from trajectory outcomes. However, this ties a step's credit to its rollout's final outcome: semantically near-identical intermediate steps receive opposite credit depending on whether their trajectory eventually succeeded or failed. Such semantic credit inconsistency sends conflicting gradients to similar acti

arXiv:2606.25871v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: How can we generate high-quality relevance annotations at scale without the cost and delays of human labeling? Relevance annotations are the backbone of search ranking systems which is needed for training data preparation, NDCG evaluation, and root cause analysis. However, human annotation is slow and off-the-shelf LLMs suffer from accuracy on domain-specific tasks. We propose a calibrated model cascade, a systematic approach for cost-efficient o

arXiv:2606.25879v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Computational reproducibility remains difficult despite being central to scientific research. In this paper, we show how the international FABRIC testbed, combined with large language model (LLM) coding assistants through LoomAI, can simplify reproducing published experiments across multiple domains. We reproduced three case studies on FABRIC, covering BBR-family congestion-control evaluations, LAMMPS molecular dynamics scaling benchmarks on a CP

arXiv:2606.25941v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Increasing demand for precise and reliable control in complex scenarios has led to the development of increasingly sophisticated controllers, including data-driven approaches employing closed box models and mathematically rigorous yet complex designs. This complexity highlights the needs for explainable control that can provide human-understandable insights into controller behavior. In this paper, an explainable control framework (XCF) along with

arXiv:2606.25973v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Software vulnerability remediation is a cognitively demanding task that requires specialized security expertise often lacking in general developers. In the meantime, Large Language Models (LLMs) assisted tools show potential in vulnerability detection, location, and repair tasks. [Hypothesis:] While LLM-assistance is hypothesized to accelerate patching, it also risks introducing hallucinations or insecure code, leading to a higher likelihood of g

arXiv:2606.25997v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: There has been significant recent progress in algorithms for approximation of Nash equilibrium in large two-player zero-sum imperfect-information games and exact computation of Nash equilibrium in multiplayer strategic-form games. While counterfactual regret minimization and fictitious play are scalable to large games and have convergence guarantees in two-player zero-sum games, they do not guarantee convergence to Nash equilibrium in multiplayer

arXiv:2606.25503v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Reliable depth perception is critical for robotic manipulation, especially for non-Lambertian objects such as transparent or highly specular surfaces, where raw depth measurements are often corrupted or missing. These failures frequently propagate to motion planning, resulting in invalid grasp poses and execution errors. We propose AISPO, a depth completion framework that improves depth reliability for manipulation in challenging sensing conditio

arXiv:2606.25509v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) can improve autonomous driving planning but are costly to query online, and existing fast-slow planners often rely on hand-designed triggering rules that either over-call the slow system or call it at the wrong times. We formulate slow-system invocation as a resource-aware sequential decision problem and propose the Adaptive Slow-System Control Gate (ASSCG), which makes frame-level Query/Cache/Drop decisions to refres