AI News Today

arXiv:2507.18043v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Inference-time steering methods offer a lightweight alternative to fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) and vision-language models (VLMs) by modifying internal activations at test time without updating model weights. However, most existing approaches rely on fixed, global intervention vectors, overlook the causal influence of individual input tokens, and fail to leverage informative gradients from the model's logits, particularly in multimo

arXiv:2508.14817v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Objective: To evaluate whether retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) can serve as an efficient alternative to long-context prompting for clinical reasoning over electronic health records (EHRs). Methods: We defined three EHR-based tasks that are replicable across health systems and vary in reasoning complexity: 1) extracting imaging procedures (modality, date, and anatomic site), 2) generating timelines of therapeutic antibiotic use, and 3) iden

arXiv:2508.15806v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: The growing sequence length of large language models poses significant challenges for key-value (KV) caches. Existing state-of-the-art cache eviction methods primarily analyze the inference behavior of attention heads in successful retrieval-reasoning cases, often overlooking diverse behaviors in failure cases, such as bias and distraction. This oversight limits the potential to leverage heterogeneous head behaviors for improved eviction perfor

arXiv:2510.03595v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly adept at solving complex problems, such as mathematical reasoning and automatic evaluation. However, performance often degrades when prompts intertwine task instructions with rigid formatting requirements. This entanglement creates competing goals for the model, hindering its reasoning capabilities. To address this, we introduce Deco-G, a decoding framework that explicitly decouples format adherence

arXiv:2510.07884v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Weak-to-strong generalization provides a promising paradigm for scaling large language models (LLMs) by training stronger models on samples from aligned weaker ones, without requiring human feedback or explicit reward modeling. However, its robustness and generalization are hindered by the noise and biases in weak-model outputs, which limit its applicability in practice. To address this challenge, we leverage implicit rewards, which approximate

arXiv:2511.17813v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: LLM-based simulations can enable controlled studies of civic deliberation, but current systems lack speaker-attributed data and methods for evaluating long-form institutional behavior. ASR transcripts typically use anonymous labels such as $Speaker\_1$, preventing models from learning stable participant behavior across meetings. We present a reproducible pipeline that converts public Zoom recordings into speaker-attributed transcripts enriched

arXiv:2512.04013v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: As augmented large language models (LLMs) with external tools become increasingly popular in web applications, improving augmented LLM inference serving efficiency and optimizing service-level objectives (SLOs) are critical for enhancing user experience. To achieve this, inference systems must maximize request handling within latency constraints, referred to as increasing effective throughput. However, existing systems face two major challenges

arXiv:2603.00620v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Multilingual NLP research increasingly involves hundreds or thousands of languages across different datasets. Managing, discovering, and reporting language metadata becomes a common hurdle at these scales. We present QQ, a metadata toolkit and browser explorer. QQ compiles language metadata sources into a graph of language varieties, scripts, regions, identifiers, names, and relations, and exposes it through a Python API, a command-line interfa

arXiv:2603.10145v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: The last layer of neural language models (LMs) projects output features of dimension $D$ to logits in dimension $V$, the size of the vocabulary, where usually $D \ll V$. This mismatch is known to raise risks of limited expressivity in neural LMs, creating a so-called softmax bottleneck. We show the softmax bottleneck is not only an expressivity bottleneck but also an optimization bottleneck. Backpropagating $V$-dimensional gradients through a r

arXiv:2604.00130v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting has significantly improved the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). However, conventional CoT often relies on unstructured, flat reasoning chains that suffer from redundancy and suboptimal performance. In this work, we introduce Hierarchical Chain-of-Thought (Hi-CoT), a structured reasoning paradigm specifically designed to address the challenges of complex, multi-step reasoning. Hi-CoT decomp

arXiv:2604.01206v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We present RELISH (REgression with a Latent Iterative State Head), a novel, lightweight architecture designed for text regression with large language models. Rather than decoding numeric targets as text or aggregating multiple generated outputs, RELISH predicts scalar values directly from frozen LLM representations by iteratively refining a learned latent state through cross-attention over token-level representations, and then mapping the final

arXiv:2604.22294v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Systematic reviews -- which requires comprehensive evidence collection and synthesis from large document corpora in response to targeted research questions -- are foundational in finance, social sciences, and other technical fields. Manual construction of evidence tables is labor-intensive, and recent LLM-based assistants relying on embedding or keyword based search often fail to meet the coverage standards of systematic reviews. We introduce S

arXiv:2606.28876v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We study memory-managed long-context attention: explicit bounded memory with a learned query-independent writer, lifecycle control, query-aware reading, calibrated sparse fallback, and frozen-LLM generation from raw evidence. Track A is a controlled versioned-variable task where last-mention retrieval is wrong by construction. Its full lifecycle scores 1.000 on all three seeds versus a 0.333 lexical baseline, and generation reaches 300/300 at 1

arXiv:2607.09025v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Artificial intelligence (AI) is shifting scientific discovery from task-specific workflows towards autonomous systems that organize exploration with experimental and human feedback in open-ended candidate spaces. Evolutionary computation (EC) provides a computational basis for feedback-driven discovery because population-based search can maintain diverse scientific candidates while steering exploration through accumulated evidence. However, EC pr

arXiv:2607.09032v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Quantum logic is usually presented as a non-classical departure from ordinary reasoning forced on us by quantum mechanics, with classical logic kept as the secure starting point. We argue for the opposite order of explanation in a finite and fully computable setting. The free orthomodular lattice on two generators has ninety-six elements, the direct product of a six-element non-distributive factor and a sixteen-element Boolean factor. Reading the

arXiv:2607.09065v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Software engineering (abbrev. SE) has continuously evolved through increasingly powerful forms of reuse, from source code and libraries to components and services. Recent advances in AI agents have introduced a potentially new reusable artifact: skills. Emerging agent skill repositories and marketplaces enable developers to package, share, and reuse SE expertise as reusable skills. This trend raises a fundamental question: what SE activities are

arXiv:2607.09114v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Video anomaly detection (VAD) is critical for automated surveillance but remains fragile under challenging conditions such as illumination variations, fast motion, and complex backgrounds when relying solely on visible light videos. To address these limitations, we propose EVAD, an event enhanced VAD framework that jointly exploits conventional video and event streams captured by bio inspired event cameras. Event sensors asynchronously capture br

arXiv:2607.09133v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: While large-scale text-to-image generative models have achieved unprecedented visual performance, their inherent reliance on multi-step iterative solvers incurs severe inference latency. Few-step distillation targeting the Classifier-Free Guidance (CFG) trajectory has emerged as the prevalent dual-dimensional compression paradigm. However, existing frameworks remain subjugated by a coarse-grained blind injection paradigm that perpetually enforces

arXiv:2607.09134v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Representation alignment (REPA) has been investigated to accelerate diffusion training, but we observe that regularizing intermediate representations in diffusion Transformers (DiT) may implicitly entangle latents and limit generative capacity. To address this issue, we propose ReGen, a hierarchical multi-prompt representation generation framework that jointly estimates multiple vector fields for both representations and data within a single diff

arXiv:2607.09165v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Achieving early and timely diagnosis and treatment for disease is a major challenge. Recent applications of machine learning (ML) algorithms trained on patient data have shown promise in many different settings for predicting the patient health state. A challenge often faced when applying these ML algorithms is that at any given time, not all clinical variables (features) needed as input to perform prediction tasks are available. We define the co

arXiv:2607.09172v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large Language Models are reshaping how software is developed and maintained. They are typically deployed in production using inference engines such as vLLM, which can efficiently serve pre-trained, highly configurable models. While prior work has focused on model architectures and hardware acceleration, the impact of inference engine configuration on energy consumption, performance, and output quality remains poorly understood. In this paper, we

arXiv:2607.09183v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The groundbreaking development of generative artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly boosting the ability to generate content such as images and videos, reshaping communication paradigms. This article introduces generative communications (GenCom), a novel paradigm for 6G networks in which large AI models (LAMs) drive semantic understanding, reasoning, and content generation, embedding these into the communication process. Unlike traditional syste

arXiv:2607.09218v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Whole-arm manipulation involves direct contact with the environment while the robot completes a task by distributing contact across multiple links as contacts form, slide, and break. This setting breaks common implicit assumptions in many learning-based manipulation pipelines: arm configuration tightly couples motion and contact forces, contact state is partially observed under occlusion, and purely learned rollouts can become physically inconsis

arXiv:2607.09235v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The current state of the art in AI/ML rests on deep neural architectures, which, in general, suffer from a lack of interpretability. Interpretability is crucial to gleaning insights while analyzing experimental data, where quantitative predictions may not be adequate for a scientist. We present a three layer neural architecture, SAMPAT (Smooth Approximation via Multivariate Polynomials and Analytic Transformations), that can provably learn a cont

arXiv:2607.09253v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: AI chatbots are increasingly used for answering health-related questions. This study examines the role of topic type discussed with an AI chatbot and individual characteristics on perceived benefits and risks, intention to use an AI chatbot, and willingness to self-disclose health information. We conducted an online experiment with a 2 (topic type: physical versus psychological, between-subjects) x 2 (topic sensitivity: low versus high, within-su

arXiv:2607.09259v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Telecom fraud-control studies often stop at detector-level classification, but deployment use requires request-level policy resolution, lifecycle traceability, and auditability. This paper reframes fraud control as blockchain-linked auditable decision management for synthetic telecom/IoT fraud-control requests, and its main result is that the QLoRA-tuned LLM branch becomes much more usable than zero-shot prompting but mainly approaches, rather th

arXiv:2607.09262v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to summarize and evaluate policy-relevant information, but it remains unclear whether their judgments are implicitly shaped by geopolitical cues. I study this question with an endorsement experiment in which four LLMs evaluate the same international economic and security policies after each policy is randomly described as supported by the United States, the European Union, China, or Russia. In th

arXiv:2607.09298v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We study general-utility Markov decision processes (GUMDPs) with risk-aware objectives. In this framework, an agent aims to optimize a risk measure of the distribution of objective values, where the objective function depends on the frequency of visitation of states induced by the agent's policy. First, we motivate, propose, and formalize risk-aware GUMDPs, which enable agents and decision makers to trade off expected performance by risk aversion

arXiv:2607.09336v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Diffusion-based trajectory planners have shown strong performance in offline reinforcement learning, but their iterative denoising process often incurs high inference cost. Consistency-based planners reduce the number of sampling steps, yet they typically rely on a two-stage teacher--student distillation pipeline that increases training cost and may introduce instability. We propose Shortcut Trajectory Planning (STP), an offline model-based reinf

arXiv:2607.09362v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Virtual try-on (VTO) has made significant progress in realistically transferring garments onto a target person. Yet most systems give the user little control over how a garment should be worn -- its size (loose or fitted), style (e.g., tucked in or untucked, open or closed), and spatial placement on the body. We address this gap with two complementary contributions. First, we define and solve Visual-Instance-Prompt Segmentation via VIP-SAM: given

arXiv:2607.09366v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Program verification is crucial for software correctness, but producing fully verified programs remains difficult in practice. This paper studies whether implementation structure affects automated verifiability when multiple generated programs are intended to satisfy the same task-level semantics. We present Diversify2Verify, a staged LLM-based pipeline for Why3 that infers representation-specific contracts, generates and tests diverse recursive

arXiv:2607.09378v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We study an adversarial bandit problem for entanglement-based quantum-network routing over a modest graph corpus. Alice selects an end-to-end repeater route for an Ekert-91 protocol (E91) representing her move, while Eve selects an attack surface, either edge intercept--resend or repeater memory degradation. Payoffs are drawn from cached SeQUeNCe-simulated E91 transcripts, and Alice accepts a turn when the finite-sample statistic violates the Cla

arXiv:2607.09385v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The growing adoption of large language model-based agents within operating system workflows has increased the importance of energy-efficient inference on laptop-class systems-on-chip (SoCs). While cloud offloading remains common, it introduces reliability and privacy concerns that are particularly problematic for agentic workloads. Recent laptop SoCs, therefore, incorporate neural processing engines (NPUs) optimized for energy efficiency; however

arXiv:2312.09076v4 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Implicit neural representation has demonstrated promising results in 3D reconstruction on various scenes. However, existing approaches either struggle to model fast-moving objects or are incapable of handling large-scale camera ego-motions in urban environments. This leads to low-quality synthesized views of the large-scale urban scenes. In this paper, we aim to jointly solve the problems caused by large-scale scenes and fast-moving vehicles, w

arXiv:2408.12322v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Detecting general obstacles is critical for autonomous driving, especially in long-tail scenarios with rare or unseen objects. Existing methods rely on supervision or predefined categories, limiting generalization. We propose a training-free approach that combines multimodal foundation models with geometric reasoning for 3D obstacle detection. Our key idea is to detect obstacles as deviations from the road surface, segmented in 2D and localized

arXiv:2412.02983v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Few-shot Semantic Segmentation (FSS) aims to adapt a pre-trained model to new classes with as few as a single labeled training sample per class. The existing prototypical work used in natural image scenarios biasedly focus on capturing foreground's discrimination while employing a simplistic representation for background, grounded on the inherent observation separation between foreground and background. However, a frequency spectrum entropy ana

arXiv:2412.07751v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Visual Place Recognition (VPR) in mobile robotics enables robots to localize themselves by recognizing previously visited locations using visual data. While the reliability of VPR methods has been extensively studied under conditions such as changes in illumination, season, weather and viewpoint, the impact of motion blur is relatively unexplored despite its relevance not only in rapid motion scenarios but also in low-light conditions where lon

arXiv:2502.02097v4 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Vertebral Landmarks Localization in Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry based Lateral Spine Imaging plays a critical role in evaluating spinal alignment, Vertebral Fracture Assessment, and facilitating intervertebral guide placement for Abdominal Aortic Calcification quantification. While lateral spine DXA scans offer advantages such as reduced cost and lower radiation exposure, its analysis remains challenging due to a low signal-to-noise ratio a

arXiv:2502.02763v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Current state-of-the-art segmentation models encode entire images before focusing on specific objects. This wastes computational resources. We introduce FLIP (Fovea-Like Input Patching), a parameter-efficient vision model that realizes object segmentation through biologically-inspired top-down attention. FLIP selectively samples multi-resolution patches centered on objects of interest from the input. As a result, it allocates high-resolution pr

arXiv:2504.15650v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Building a generalized affordance grounding model to identify actionable regions on objects is vital for real-world applications. Existing methods to train the model can be divided into weakly and fully supervised ways. However, the former method requires a complex training framework design and can not infer new actions without an auxiliary prior. While the latter often struggle with limited annotated data and components trained from scratch de